International Human Rights: Government


Government/ Policy
Websites Articles, Book Chapters, and Conference Papers Books and Monographs
Websites	research in progress
The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) (English) (Español) It assists countries pursuing accountability for mass atrocity or human rights abuse. The Center works in societies emerging from repressive rule or armed conflict, as well as in established democracies where historical injustices or systemic abuse remain unresolved. Asiste a países que buscan establecer responsabilidades por atrocidades masivas o abusos de derechos humanos. El Centro trabaja en sociedades que emergen de regímenes represivos o conflictos armados, así como en democracias consolidadas en las cuales injusticias históricas o abuso sistémico siguen sin resolverse.
Articles, Book Chapters, and Conference Papers
Alexander, G. "The Illusory Protection of Human Rights by National Courts During Periods of Emergency." Law Journal 5:1 (1984):1- 65. Armstrong, J. D. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and Political Prisoners." International Organization 39: 4 (1985): 615-642. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has greatly expanded its activities on behalf of political prisoners since the Second World War. The ICRC's involvement with this issue has resulted from a series of incremental steps, taken over more than a hundred years, and it raises difficult legal, political, and moral questions. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Avery, William P. and David P. Forsythe. "Human Rights, National Security, and the US Senate: Who Votes for What, and Why." International Studies Quarterly 23: 2 (1979): 303-320. A study to determine how members of the US Senate perceive the linkage between human rights and national security, and to explain what domestic factors affect this perception using regression analysis of eight human rights votes during the Ninety-third and Ninety-fourth Congresses. Available online:subscription or university password may be required
Brett, Rachel. "Human Rights and the OSCE." Human Rights Quarterly, v18, n3, August (1996). Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Carleton, David and Michael Stohl. "The Role of Human Rights in US Foreign Assistance Policy: A Critique and Reappraisal." American Journal of Political Science 31: 4 (1987): 1002-1018. A brief and simplified reanalysis examining the varied cases, economic data, and human rights measures employed by Cingranelli and Pasquarello highlighting a lack of robustness in the original results. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Cook, Rebecca J. "International Human Rights and Women's Reproductive Health." Studies in Family Planning 24: 2 (1993): 73-86. Neglect of women's reproductive health, perpetuated by law, is part of a larger, systematic discrimination against women. International human rights treaties, including those discussed in this article, are being applied increasingly to expose how laws that obstruct women's access to reproductive health services violate their basic rights. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Clark, Roger Stenson. "Human Rights Strategies of the 1960s Within the United Nations: A Tribute to the Late Kamleshwar Das." Human Rights Quarterly, v21, n2, May (1999). Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Donnelly, Jack. "Human Rights and Human Dignity: An Analytic Critique of Non-Western Conceptions of Human Rights." The American Political Science Review 76: 2 (1982): 303-316. An article that examines the concept that human rights are not a Western discovery and that non-Western societies have long emphasized the protection of human rights, and argument based on a confusion of human rights and human dignity. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Donnelly, Jack. "International Human Rights: A Regime Analysis." International Organization 40: 3 (1986): 599-642. After laying out a typology of international regimes, eight international and regional human rights regimes are analyzed in order to (1) examine the utility of regime analysis in noneconomic issue-areas, and (2) assess the nature, extent, and evolution of international cooperation on human rights. Available online: subscription or university password may be required

Fraser, Donald M. "Human Rights and US Foreign Policy: Some Basic Questions Regarding Principles and Practice." International Studies Quarterly 23: 2 (1979): 174-185. A study addressing human rights and American foreign policy by posing key questions including, when did the human rights movement start and what was its impetus, what business does the United States have in instructing others on human rights practices, and what has Congress done? Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Lopez, G. "National Security Ideology as an Impetus to State Violence and State Terror," pp. 73-95 in Michael Stohl and George Lopez (eds) Government Violence and Repression. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 1986. Mitchell, Neil J. and McCormick , James M. "Economic and Political Explanations of Human Rights Violations." World Politics 40: 4 (1988): 476-498. An article attempting to measure human rights conditions crossnationally and to account for variations in these conditions. The measure conceptualizes human rights along two dimensions: the imprisonment of political dissidents, and the killing and torture of prisoners. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Mayerfeld, Jamie. "Who Shall Be Judge?: The United States, the International Criminal Court, and the Global Enforcement of Human Rights."Human Rights Quarterly, v25, n1, February (2003). Available online: subscription or university password may be required Megret, Frederic. "The UN as a Human Rights Violator? Some Reflections on the United Nations Changing Human Rights Responsibilities." Human Rights Quarterly, v25, n2, May (2003). Available online: subscription or university password may be required
O'Connell, Mary Ellen. "The UN, NATO, and International Law After Kosovo." Human Rights Quarterly, v22, n1, February (2000). Available online: subscription or university password may be required Poe, Steven C. "Human Rights and Economic Aid Allocation under Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter." American Journal of Political Science 36: 1 (1992): 147-167. An Analysis of how human rights considerations have affected U.S. economic aid allocation to Latin American countries focusing on aid allocation under both the Carter and the Reagan presidencies. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Rogers, Rosemarie. "The Future of Refugee Flows and Policies." International Migration Review 26: 4 (1992): 1112-1143. An article discussing the changed international climate of the 1990s, including a renewed emphasis on human rights; broader concepts of national security; and the profound political changes in the world has shifted the focus from the asylum and resettlement countries to the countries of origin, and other policy issues concerning forced migration in this new international environment. Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Stavropoulou, Maria. "Displacement and Human Rights: Reflections on UN Practice." Human Rights Quarterly, v20, n3, August (1998). Available online:subscription or university password may be required Veil, Simone "Human Rights, Ideologies, and Population Policies." Population and Development Review v4, n 2 (1978): 313-321. Focusing on the relationships between human rights, ideologies, and population policies that raise broad philosophical, moral, and political issues, this discourse considers whether the state is justified in adopting a population policy and what the legitimate methods of implementing such policies. Available online: subscription or university password may be required Verdirame, Guglielmo. "Testing the Effectiveness of International Norms: UN Humanitarian Assistance and Sexual Apartheid in Afghanistan." Human Rights Quarterly, v23, n3, August (2001). Available online: subscription or university password may be required Weissbrodt, David S. "An Analysis of the Fifty-first Session of the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly, v22, n3, August (2000). Available online: subscription or university password may be required
Books and Monographs
Di Palma, G. To Craft Democracies: An Essay on Democratic Transitions. Berkeley, Ca.: University of California Press, 1990.
Hahn, W. ed., Central America and the Reagan Doctrine. Lanham, MD: United States Strategic Institute and the Center for International Relations at Boston University, 1987.
Huntington, S. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
Liang-Fenton, Debra, (ed.). Implementing U.S. Human Rights Policy: Agendas, Policies, and Practices, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2004.
O'Donnel, G. and P. Schmitter, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1986.
Skaar, Elin. "Human Rights Violations and the Paradox of Democratic Transition." Master's Thesis. University of Bergen, Department of Comparative Politics, 1994.
Vanhaven, T. The Process of Democratization: A Comparative Study of 147 States, 1980-1988. New York, Ny: Crane Russak, 1990.