International: Human Rights  

Websites

Articles, Book Chapters, and Conference Papers

Books and Monographs

 

Additional Sub-topics

   
Humanitarian Intervention

Peacekeeping/Monitoring

 

Websites

   
Åbo Akademi University: The Institute for Human Rights (Finland)
The aim of the Institute is to promote research, provide education and disseminate information relating to the protection of human rights. The Institute assists various outside institutions, including other universities, government authorities and mass media in human rights research, policy-making and dissemination of human rights information.
 

Aboriginal Law and Legislation
Extensive listings for aboriginal rights organizations and sites, many international human rights treaties and laws available online.

 
Afrapredesa (English) (Español)
Ngo based in Madrid whose goal is the defense of the human rights, focusing on saharawis prisoners, tortured and "disappeared". Ong con sede en Madrid destinada a defender los derechos humanos, especialmente de los presos, torturados y desaparecidos políticos de origen saharauis.
 
American Society of International Law (ASIL)
Official site for ASIL, a U.S. organization founded in 1906 in order to advance the study and use of international law. ASIL offers comprehensive guidance for international law research, including electronic resources for legal topics in armed conflict, dispute resolution, economic, environmental and human rights issues.
 
Amnesty International (English) (Espaņol)
Landmark human rights group site with extensive news releases, reports, and links to other organizations and resources. Agrupación de derechos humanos que provee informes y documentos sobre la situación de los derechos humanos en el mundo.
 
Amnesty International Human Rights Links
AI's excellent listing of links to many human rights organizations and groups organized categorically.
 
Centro de Investigación para la Paz (in Spanish)
Instituto de estudios y divulgación de la Fundación Hogar del Empleado que se ocupa de analizar tendencias internacionales con especial atención en los conflictos armados, sus actores, la globalización y sus efectos, y el desarrollo.
 
Citizens for Global Solutions
Organization working to build political will in the United States to achieve a future in which nations work together to abolish war, protect our rights and freedoms, and solve the problems facing humanity that no nation can solve alone. They do this by educating Americans about our global interdependence, communicating global concerns to public officials, and developing proposals to create, reform, and strengthen international institutions such as the United Nations.
 
(CSC) Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers
Coalition of NGOs working to prevent the recruitment and use of children as soldiers, to secure their demobilization and to ensure their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
 

Darfur: A Genocide We Can Stop
A Web site devoted to the human rights violations in the Darfur region of Sudan. Contains links to petitions, donation funds and the latest news concerning Darfur.

 

Derechos (English) (Español)
NGO whose goal is the defense of Human Rights around the world. Provides country reports and links to other Human Rights organizations. ONG cuyo propósito es la lucha por el respeto a los Derchos Humanos en todo el mundo. Contiene informes por país y enlaces con otras organizaciones de Derechos Humanos.

 
Desaparecidos (English) (Español)
The Project Disappeared is an attempt by diverse human rights organizations and activists to keep the memory of the disappeared alive and search for justice. It is a place to get to know and to remember the victims of State terrorism in Latin America and the world. El Proyecto Desaparecidos es un proyecto de diversos organismos y activistas de derechos humanos para mantener la memoria y alcanzar la justicia. Es un lugar donde poder conocer y recordar a las víctimas del terrorismo de estado en América Latina y el mundo.
 
Equality Now (English) (Español)
Equality Now is an international human rights organization dedicated to action for the civil, political, economic and social rights of girls and women. Igualdad Ya es una organización internacional de derechos humanos dedicada a actuar en favor de los derechos civiles, políticos, económicos y sociales de las niñas y mujeres.
 
(FIDH) International Federation for Human Rights (English) (Español)
The FIDH brings together 114 human rights organizations from 90 countries. ONG que reúne 114 organizaciones nacionales de defensa de los derechos humanos en 90 países.
 
Franciscans International
Non-governmental Organization with General Consultative status at the UN.
 
Freedom House
"Freedom House, a non-profit, nonpartisan organization, is a clear voice for democracy and freedom around the world."
 
Global Exchange
International human rights organization dedicated to promoting environmental, political and social justice.
 
Global March Against Child Labour
Movement borne out of hope and the need felt by thousands of people across the globe - the desire to set children free from servitude. Reports by country on Human Rights Violations, Statistics on Children in the Labor Market, Slavery, Trafficking, Prostitution, Crime. Etc
 
Glossary of Acronyms for Human Rights Organizations
Useful quick glossary of acronyms for many international human rights organizations, committees, and treaties.
 
Harvard Human Rights Journal
The Harvard Human Rights Journal is an annual journal of international human rights scholarship published by the students of Harvard Law School in cooperation with the Harvard Human Rights Program. The Journal publishes cutting-edge human rights scholarship by academics, practitioners, and students. In doing so, we provide a forum for dialogue and the exchange of ideas from a variety of international perspectives.

 
Héritiers de la Justice
Congolese (formerly Zaïrean) non governmental organisation law association related to the Protestant Church of Congo, specialized in matters concerning human rights and peace promotion in the Great Lakes Region.
 
Human Rights & Human Welfare: An International Review of Books and Other Publications
The thematic Review Essays and Book Notes review current literature dealing with major issues in the overlapping thematic areas of human rights, justice and welfare-areas that are now sometimes referred to collectively under the heading of "human security." In particular, HRHW offers reviews of monograph (book) and non-monograph materials (e.g., U.N. and World Bank reports, research studies, policy documents). HRHW also reviews information currently available on the internet, with a special focus on content, complexity, and ease of use.
 
Human Rights Education Associates (HREA) (English) (Español)
International non-governmental organization that supports human rights learning; the training of activists and professionals; the development of educational materials and programming; and community-building through on-line technologies. HREA se dedica a la educación y el entrenamiento de calidad con el fin de promover el conocimiento, las actitudes y las acciones para proteger los derechos humanos y de fomentar el desarrollo de comunidades justas, libres y pacíficas.
 
Human Rights First (Ex Lawyers Committee for Human Rights)
Human Rights First works in the United States and abroad to create a secure and humane world by advancing justice, human dignity and respect for the rule of law. We support human rights activists who fight for basic freedoms and peaceful change at the local level; protect refugees in flight from persecution and repression; help build a strong international system of justice and accountability; and make sure human rights laws and principles are enforced in the United States and abroad.
 
Human Rights Initiative: Human Rights Dialogue
A quarterly publication introduced in 1993 in conjunction with
Carnegie Council's Human Rights Initiative, Dialogue confronts fundamental human
Rights issues. The publication includes the work of academics, policy makers, practitioners, as well as activists and victims of human rights violations.
 

H R Internet: Int'l Network of H R Orgs.
Excellent online resource for human rights information, documents, organizations, databases, and publications. The site provides e-document center, global H R calendar, search engine, review of United Nations programs (For the Record), links to partner sites, and features thematic programs, such as Women, Children, Religion, and Racism.

 

Human Rights Watch (English) (Español)
A landmark independent non-governmental organization to monitor and document human rights abuses and violations worldwide. The site contains current news and events and well as numerous links to individual countries and resources, available in six languages. ONG que controla y documenta abusos y violaciones contra los derechos humanos. Contiene noticias e informes de actualidad, clasificados por region y por país.

 
Human Rights Watch Campaigns (Español)
Current international campaigns for various human rights issues around the world, with up to date resource information available.
 
Human Rights Web
Provides numerous human rights websites, documents and other related resources.
 
(Indymedia) Independent Media Center (English) (Español)
The Independent Media Center is a network of collectively run media outlets for the creation of radical, accurate, and passionate telling of the truth. They work out of a love and inspiration for people who continue to work for a better world, despite corporate media's distortions and unwillingness to cover the efforts to free humanity. It was born in the Seattle 1999 protests against WTO and the globalization process. Indymedia es una red de medios independientes y alternativos que persiguen la difusión de la verdad sobre las personas que se esfuerzan por mejorar el mundo, a pesar de las distorsiones y la falta de voluntad de las grandes corporaciones de medios. Su origen se encuentra en las protestas de 1999 contra la globalización y la Organización Mundial de Comercio en Seattle.
 
Información Indígena (in Spanish)
Sitio creado para la divulgación, difusión y denuncia de la situación de pueblos indígenas a lo largo del mundo. Se incluyen noticias, enlaces y una lista de organizaciones con temática indígena.
 
International Center for Transitional Justice (ICJT) (English) (Español)
Official site of the ICJT, an organization that assists countries and societies that have suffered human rights abuses and atrocities. Site provides comparative information, legal and policy analysis, documentation, and strategic research. Sitio oficial del Centro Internacional para Justicia Transicional, una organización que ayuda paises y sociedades que han sufrido de abusos de derechos humanos. El sitio provee información comparativa, análisis legal, documentación, e investigación estratégica.
 
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (English) (Español)
The International Committee of the Red Cross is an impartial, neutral and independent organization whose exclusively humanitarian mission is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of war and internal violence and to provide them with assistance. Organización imparcial, neutral e independiente, que tiene la misión exclusivamente humanitaria de proteger la vida y la dignidad de las víctimas de la guerra y de la violencia interna, así como de prestarles asistencia.
 
International Human Rights Law Group
NGO whose mission is to empower local advocates to expand the scope of human rights protections and to promote broad participation in building human rights standards and procedures at the national, regional and international levels.
 
International Society for Health and Human Rights
The aim of the Association is to contribute to the promotion and improvement of aid to persons who have experienced gross violations of human rights, and to contribute to the world-wide eradication of gross violations of human rights.
 
(IPS) The Institute for Policy Studies
IPS serves as a bridge between progressive forces in government and grass-roots activists, and between movements in the U.S. and those in the developing world. It has worked with social movements to forge viable and sustainable policies to promote democracy, justice, human rights, and diversity. IPS played key roles in the Civil Rights and anti-war movements in the 1960s, the women's and environmental movements in the 1970s, the anti-apartheid and anti-intervention movements in the 1980s, and the fair trade and environmental justice movements today.
 
(IRCT) The International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
The IRCT is an independent, international health professional organization that promotes and supports the rehabilitation of torture victims and the prevention of torture through nearly 200 rehabilitation centers and programmes around the world.
 
(JRS) The Jesuit Refugee Service (English) (Español)
International Catholic organization whose mission is to accompany, serve and defend the rights of refugees and forcibly displaced people. JRS undertakes services at national and regional levels with the support of an international office in Rome. Organización católica internacional que trabaja en más de 50 países, con la misión de acompañar, servir y defender los derechos de los refugiados y desplazados forzosos. La misión confiada a JRS comprende a todos los que han sido apartados de sus hogares por los conflictos, los desastres humanitarios o las violaciones de los derechos humanos.
 
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights (New Name: Human Rights First)
"Since 1978, the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights has worked in the U.S. and abroad to create a secure and humane world by advancing justice, human dignity and respect for the rule of law. We support human rights activists who fight for basic freedoms and peaceful change at the local level; protect refugees in flight from persecution and repression; promote fair economic practices by creating safeguards for workers' rights; and help build a strong international system of justice and accountability for the worst human rights crimes."
 
(LISN) League of the Indigenous Sovereign Nations of the Western Hemisphere
Organization that defends indigenous rights in the Western Hemisphere.
 
Lutheran World Relief
It works with partners in 50 countries to help people grow food, improve health, strengthen communities, end conflict, build livelihoods and recover from disasters.
 
Magenta
Magenta is a foundation that combats racism, fascism and other forms of discrimination, since 1997 mainly on and through the Internet. Provides numerous human rights links classified by country.
 
Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)
Site of the French organization Doctors without Borders, that pioneered the idea of a right to humanitarian intervention in the 1960's.
 
NativeWeb
NativeWeb is an international, nonprofit, educational organization dedicated to using telecommunications including computer technology and the Internet to disseminate information from and about indigenous nations, peoples, and organizations around the world; to foster communication between native and non-native peoples; to conduct research involving indigenous peoples' usage of technology and the Internet; and to provide resources, mentoring, and services to facilitate indigenous peoples' use of this technology.
 
(NCIV) The Netherlands Centre for Indigenous Peoples (English) (Español)
NGO based in Amsterdam which supports the Indigenous Peoples struggle to secure the recognition for their rights. The main rights Indigenous Peoples seek are those related to the rights to their lands and natural resources, the right to the preservation of their cultures, the control over their intellectual property rights, and the right to the protection of indigenous knowledge, all of which are contingent upon the recognition and respect for their right to self-determination. El Centro Holandés para los Pueblos Indígenas es una organización que ayuda a los Pueblos Indígenas en su organización para lograr el reconocimiento de sus derechos. Se trata sobre todo del derecho a la paz y la seguridad, a la conservación de su cultura, a la libre determinación, a la tierra y los recursos naturales y a la propiedad intelectual. A la vez quieren participar a todos niveles siempre cuando se tome decisiones que les conciernan.
 
Nuremberg Human Rights Center (English) (Español)
NGO that works for the defense of human rights at local, regional and international level. It usually organizes seminars and congresses, as well as other activities related with human rights issues. Agrupación que trabaja a nivel local, regional e international para la promoción y defensa de los derechos humanos. Su trabajo incluye la organización de seminarios y congresos, la colaboración en proyectos de investigación y publicaciones y la educación para los derechos humanos.
 
NGO Coalition for an International Criminal Court (English) (Espaņol)
The Coalition for the International Criminal Court is a network of well over 1,000 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) advocating for a fair, effective and independent International Criminal Court (ICC). La coalición de ONGs por la Corte Penal Internacional es una red de más de 1000 ONGs que abogan por una Corte Penal Internacional justa e independiente.
 
(PBI) Peace Brigades International (English) (Español)
Non-governmental organization which seeks to protect human rights and promotes nonviolent resolution of conflicts. It has current proyects in Colombia, Guatemala, Indonesia y Mexico. Organización no gubernamental que promueve la paz y defiende los derechos humanos, con proyectos en Colombia, Guatemala, Indonesia y México.
 

Project Diana: Yale Law School
Yale Law School's extensive online archive of human rights documents, files, cases, and works

 
Raising Voices
Non-profit project of the Tides Center working to create and promote community-based approaches to preventing violence against women and children.
 
Redress
Internationally focused non-profit human rights/legal organization based in London whose mission is the eradication of the practice of torture world-wide and rebuilding the lives and livelihoods of torture survivors and their families so that they become active and contributing members of society again. It helps torture survivors obtain justice and reparation. Website includes publications, conferences, and reparation case law resources.
 
Refugees International
Refugees International generates lifesaving humanitarian assistance and protection for displaced people around the world, and works to end the conditions that create displacement.
 
Rights & Democracy (English) (Español)
The International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development is a non-partisan organization with an international mandate. It was created by Canada's Parliament in 1988 to encourage and support the universal values of human rights and the promotion of democratic institutions and practices around the world. El Centro Internacional de Derechos Humanos y Desarrollo Democrático es una organización no partidista con mandato internacional creada en 1988 por el parlamento de Canadá. Abrió sus puertas oficialmente en 1990, para trabajar con personas, organizaciones y Gobiernos de Canadá y el extranjero en la defensa y promoción de los derechos humanos, tal como se los define en la Carta Internacional de Derechos Humanos.
 
Rights International
"Established in 1994, Rights International fights for those rights recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights treaties. We operate independently of any political ideology, government, economic interest, or religious creed. Rights International is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, not-for-profit corporation."
 
Survival (English) (Español)
International organization whose goal is to support tribal peoples worldwide through campaigns aiming at defend their right to decide their own future and protect their lives, land and human rights. Survival International es una organización mundial dedicada a apoyar a los pueblos indígenas mediante campañas. Defiende su derecho a decidir su propio futuro y les ayuda a proteger sus vidas, tierras y derechos humanos.
 
The Center for Justice and Accountability (CJA) (English) (Espaņol)
The CJA works to stop torture and violence and focuses on accountability, the site includes information for victims of torture, ongoing cases, pyschological services, and projects. El Centro de Justicia y Responsabilidad tiene como principal finalidad denunciar la tortura y demás abusos graves contra los derechos humanos y poner fin a los mismos prestando a los supervivientes ayuda que permita llevar ante los tribunales a los responsables de tales atrocidades cuando los imputados se encuentran en suelo norteamericano.
 
The Global IDP Project
The Global IDP Project of the Norwegian Refugee Council is an international non-governmental body working for better protection and assistance of people who have been displaced within their own country by conflict or because of human rights violations.
 

The ICC Monitor (English) (Español)
Newspaper of the NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court. Published in English, Spanish and French, the Monitor is a critical tool for reaching a worldwide audience several times a year.

 
Truth Commissions Digital Collection
The Truth Commissions Digital Collection, part of the United States Institute of Peace website, is a collection constantly under development by the Jeannette Rankin Library Program, containing decrees establishing truth commissions and similar bodies of inquiry worldwide, and the reports issued by such groups.
 
Uganda Human Rights Commission (TEMPORARILY SHUT DOWN)
Independent Constitutional body established to promote and protect human rights.
Uganda's Government position on UHRC
 

U.N. Commission's Official Site (English) (Espaņol)
Office of the High Commission for Human Rights: Online resource with up to date releases of reports, decisions, important world events, as well as search engine. Available in spanish french and english. Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos.

 
U.N. High Commission for Refugees (English) (Español)
The UNHCR assumes the function of providing international protection to the refugees by assisting Governments and, subject to approval of the Governments concerned, private organizations to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of such refugees, or their assimilation within new national communities.
 

U.N.'s High Commission on Human Rights Links (English) (Espaņol)
Online listing of many related human rights links within the United Nations. Listado de sitios relacionados con los derechos humanos dentro de las Naciones Unidas.

 
United Nations Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Nations Association of the UK is a voluntary, membership-based non-governmental organization that campaign, educate and fundraise to help turn the ideals of the United Nations into reality. This site includes sections on Human Rights, Refugees, Women, and other related issues.
 
Universal Rights Network
An extensive online resource for information concerning all aspects of human rights, tremendous resourc, links and documents.
 
University of California at Berkeley Human Rights Center
The Human Rights Center conducts interdisciplinary research on emerging issues in international human rights and humanitarian law. Its research focuses on war crimes, justice and postwar reconstruction, health and human rights, and refugees.
 
University of Essex Human Rights Centre
The Human Rights Centre is staffed by what is undoubtedly the strongest team of academic human rights lawyers in the UK, together with philosophers, political theorists and sociologists who have worked on human rights issues. The Centre co-ordinates the University's interdisciplinary human rights teaching programme, as well as a programme of research, training, external consultancy and publication on international, comparative and national aspects of human rights.
 
University of Minnesota Human Rights Center and Library (English) (Español)
The Human Rights Center and Library trains and assists the work of human rights professionals and volunteers and provides a comprehensive research tool with access to thousands of documents, human rights treaties and other primary human rights instruments. La Biblioteca de Derechos Humanos de la Universidad de Minnesota apoya el trabajo de profesionales y voluntarios en el campo de derechos humanos y provee un recurso de investigaciones con acceso a miles de documentos, tratados y otros instrumentos internacionales sobre los derechos humanos.
 
(USCR) U.S. Committee for Refugees
USCR defends the rights of all uprooted people regardless of their nationality, race, religion, ideology, or social group.
 
US Human Rights Network. Watchdog group formed to promote US accountability to universal human rights standard. The Network strives towards building a human rights culture in the United States that puts those directly affected by human rights violations, with a special emphasis on grassroots organizations and social movements, in a central leadership role.  

(WOLA) Washington Office on Latin America (English/Español)
Nonprofit policy, research and advocacy organization working to advance democracy, human rights and social justice in Latin America and the Caribbean. Organización sin fines de lucro cuyo objetivo es el avance de la democracia, los derechos humanos y la justicia social en América Latina.

 
Women Refugees Community in Zambia
The women Refugees organization is working all over across the country where women refugees are situated. The women Refugees organization is focusing the same challenges and addressing its focus on how women refugees can be seen as human being like any one from the opposite sex and from also the similar sex as well, because there are discrimination between rich citizen women of Zambia against vulnerable women refugees.
 
World Organisation Against Torture (English) (Español)
Calls itself "largest international coalition of NGOs fighting against torture,summary executions, forced disappearances and all other forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment in order to preserve Human Rights." Se llama a sí misma la"principal coalición internacional de ONGs que luchan contra la tortura, las ejecuciones sumarias o extrajudiciales, las desapariciones forzadas y, en general, contra cualquier forma de tratamiento cruel, degradante o inhumano."
 
World Policy Institute
Project for Global Democracy and Human Rights. Information on human rights classified by both theme and region.
 
Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal
The Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal aims to explore the tension and congruence between human rights and development. There is much discussion and debate over what these concepts mean and how they interrelate. These issues demand holistic, cross-cutting analysis, and so the Journal encourages writings that draw upon various academic disciplines, such as political science, public policy, economics, health and sociology.
 
(YAP) Youth Advocate Program International
Non-profit organization that promotes and protects the rights and well-being of the world's youth, giving particular attention to children victimized by conflict, exploitation, and state and personal violence.
 

Articles, Book Chapters, and Conference Papers

   
Abrams, Elliott. "Truth without Justice?" Policy Review, 105 (February, 2001).
Available at (5-30-2005): http://www.policyreview.org/FEB01/abrams.html
 
Albert, Isaac Olawale. "'Truth'-Without-Justice-and-Reconciliation: A Study of the Passivity of the Nigerian Government to the Confession of "Abacha Boys" to State Terrorism," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/albert.pdf
 
Aldana-Pindell, Raquel. "In Vindication of Justiciable Victims' Rights to Truth and Justice for State-Sponsored Crimes," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol.35, No.5 (November, 2002):1399-1501
Available at (2-23-2006): http://law.vanderbilt.edu/journal/35-05/Aldana-Pindell.pdf
 
Allodi, Federico A. "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Hostages and Victims of Torture," Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17, 2 (1994): 279-288.  
Alonzo-Maizlish, David. "In Whole or in Part: Group Rights, the Intent Element of Genocide, and the ‘Quantitative Criterion'," New York University Law Review, 77, 5 (November, 2002): 1369-1403.  

Alston, Philip. "Buen Funcionamiento de los Organismos Establecidos en Virtud de los Instrumentos de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas," (Marzo 27, 1996).
Available at (3-15-2005): http://www.conectasur.org/files/informeonuesp.pdf

 
Amnesty International. "The Pain Merchants. Security Equipment and Its Use in Torture and Other Ill-Treatment," (December 2, 2002). También disponible en Español: "Mercaderes de Dolor: El Material de Seguridad y su Uso en Torturas y Otros Malos Tratos," (Diciembre 2, 2002).
Available in English at (3-29-2004):
http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT400082003
Disponible en Español en (3-29-2004): http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/eslACT400082003?Open&of=esl-313
 
Ávila, Marcelo Antonio. "Del Androcentrismo a la Educación para la Universalidad de los Derechos Humanos," Ko'aga Roñe'eta, Serie 8 (1997).
Available at (12-6-2004): http://www.derechos.org/koaga/viii/avila.html
 
Bamber, Helen. "Impunity and Reparation," in the seminar: Rehabilitation of Ex-Political Prisoners, Gaza Community Mental Health Programme (1994).
Available at (4-26-2005): http://www.torturecare.org.uk/publications/Archive/Bamb_2.rtf
 
Bank, Roland. "Tratados Internacionales de Derechos Humanos bajo el Ordenamiento Jurídico Alemán," Ius et Praxis, 9, 1 (2003): 23-38.
Available at (12-29-2004): http://derecho.utalca.cl/pgs/investigacion/iusetpraxis/9-1-2003/023_038_bank.pdf
 
(BM) Banco Mundial. "El Banco Mundial y la Promoción de los Derechos Humanos," Revista del Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, San José (1993).  
Bassiouni, M. Cherif. "Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: The Need for Accountability," Law and Contemporary Problems, 59, 4 (Autumn, 1996): 9-28.
Available at (5-31-2005): http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp59dFall1996p9.htm
 
Becker, Carol. "Memory/Monstrosity/Representation," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/becker.pdf
 
Benomar, Jamal. "Justice After Transitions," in N. Kritz (ed.) Transitional justice: how emerging democracies reckon with former regimes Vol.I, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC, (1995): 32-41.  
Benvenuto Lima, Jayme. "El Carácter Expansivo de los Derechos Humanos en la Afirmación de su Indivisibilidad y Exigibilidad," Fórum Social Mundial.
Available at (3-15-2005): http://www.conlajusticiaysociedad.net/ponencias/PONENCIA10.pdf
 
Bidart Campos, Germán. "El Panorama de los Derechos Humanos a Fin de Siglo," in La Ciencia del Derecho durante el Siglo XX, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM, México (1998): 95-109.
Available at (7-12-2005): http://www.bibliojuridica.org/libros/1/114/5.pdf
 
Borris, Eileen R. "The Healing Power of Forgiveness," Ocasional paper, 10, Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy, VA (October, 2003).
Available at (5-30-2005): http://www.imtd.org/misc%20files/OP%2010%20text.pdf
 
Boyle, Francis A. "Palestine: Sue Israel for Genocide before the International Court of Justice," Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 20, 1 (April, 2000).
Available at (5-9-2005):
http://www.mediareviewnet.com/Palestine%20Should%20Sue%20Israel%20for%
20Genocide%20before%20the%20International%20Court%20of%20Justice.htm
 
Brysk, Alison. "Transnational Threats and Opportunities," in Alison Brysk, (ed.), Globalization and Human Rights, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London (2002) 1-16.
Available at (10-28-2005): http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9595/9595.intro.html
 
Brysk, Alison. "Introduction: When Worlds Collide," in A. Brysk, From Tribal Village to Global Village - Indian Rights and International Relations in Latin America, University of California Press, Stanford, CA (2000): 8-27.  
Buergenthal, Thomas. "The Normative and Institutional Evolution of International Human Rights," Human Rights Quarterly, 19, 4 (November, 1997): 703-723.  
Burgerman, Susan. "Mobilizing Principles: The Role of Transnational Activists in Promoting Human Rights Principles," Human Rights Quarterly, 20, 4 (1998): 905-923.
Available at (10-28-2005): http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v020/20.4burgerman.html
 
Burke-White, William. "Reframing Impunity: Applying Liberal International Law Theory to an Analysis of Amnesty Legislation," Harvard Law Journal vol.42 no.2 summer 2001 (2001): 467- 533.
 
Buur, Lars. "Monumental History: Visibility and Invisibility in the Work of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/buur.pdf
 
Cain, Michael, Richard Claude, and Thomas Jabine. "A Guide to Human Rights Data Sources," in Thomas Jabine and Richard Claude, (eds.), Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, USA (1992): 392-442.  

Chandler, David G. "The Road to Military Humanitarianism: How the Human Rights NGOs Shaped A New Humanitarian Agenda," Human Rights Quarterly, 23, 3 (August, 2001): 678-700.
Available online: subscription or university password may be required

 
Chapman, Audrey R. "How Truth Commission Processes Shape their Truth-Finding," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/chapman.pdf
 

Chong, Dennis. "How People Think, Reason, and Feel about Rights and Liberties." American Journal of Political Science, 37, 3 (1993): 867-899.

In-depth interview data are analyzed to determine how citizens think and reason about controversial political issues involving rights and liberties. The author analyses citizens ideas on human rights, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, privacy, prisoners' rights, crime, censorship, and other important concerns.
Available online: subscription or university password may be required

 
Clapham, Andrew. "Issues of complexity, complicity and complementarity: from the Nuremberg trials to the dawn of the new International Criminal Court," in P. Sands (ed.), From Nuremberg to the Hague: The Future of International Criminal Justice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (2003): 30-67.
 
Correas, Óscar, and Ana María del Gesso Cabrera. "El Discurso de los Derechos Humanos, un Discurso Político," Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado, 30, 89 (Mayo-Agosto, 1997): 447-464.
Available at (1-10-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/boletin/cont/89/art/art3.pdf
 
Crocker, David. "Reckoning with Past Wrongs: A Normative Framework," Ethics and International Affairs, vol.13 (1999): 43-64.
Available at (2-15-2006): http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/cceia/cceia_99crd01.html
 
De la Lama, Miguel. "Protección Internacional de los Derechos Humanos: Los Mecanismos Extra Convencionales de las Naciones Unidas," Revista de Derecho PUCP, 52 (1998-1999): 539-553.  
Del Castillo Falcón Caro, María. "El Delito de Detención Ilegal con <<Desaparición Forzada>>," Cuadernos de Política Criminal, 67 (1999): 131-141.  
Detti, Tommaso and Flores, Marcello. "Clio's Crimes. Historians, Truth and the Memory of the Past," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/flores.pdf
 
Dezalay, Yves and Bryant Garth. "Legitimating the New Legal Orthodoxy," in Y. Dezalay and B. Garth (eds.), Global Prescriptions - The Production, Exportation, and Importation of a New Legal Orthodoxy, Ann Arbor/University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, (2003): 306-334 .
 
Dezalay, Yves and Bryant Garth. "Constructing Law Out of Power: Investing in Human Rights as an Alternative Political Strategy," in A. Sarat and S. Scheingold, (eds.), Cause Lawyering and the State in a Global Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001): 354-381.  
Donnelly, Jack. "Human Rights, Globalizing Flows and State Power," in Alyson Brysk, (ed.), Globalisation and Human Rights, University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London (2002): 226-241.  
Dunne, Tim and Daniela Kroslak. "Genocide: Knowing What It Is That We Want to Remember, or Forget, or Forgive," International Journal of Human Rights, 4, 3-4 (Autumn,Winter, 2004): 27-46.  
Elster, Jon. Coming to Terms with the Past: A Framework for the Study of Justice in the Transition to Democracy, European Journal of Sociology, 39, 1, (1998):7-48.  

Emerson, Ruper. "The Fate of Human Rights in the Third World," World Politics, 27, 2 (1975): 201-226.

An article focusing on the much stress has been laid on human rights in the Third World, but as democratic institutions have generally given way to authoritarian regimes, often run by the military, with popular participation denied rather than encouraged those rights have fallen short.
Available online: subscription or university password may be required

 
Duvenage, Pieter. "The politics of memory and forgetting after Auschwitz and apartheid," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/duvenage.pdf
 
Farouk, Mawlawi. "New Conflicts, New Challenges: The Evolving Role for Non- Governmental Actors," Journal of International Affairs, 46, 2 (1993): 391-413.  
Field, Sean. "Memory, the TRC and the Significance of Oral History in Post-Apartheid South Africa," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/field.pdf
 
Fox, Renee C. "Medical Humanitarianism and Human Rights: Reflections on Doctors without Borders and Doctors of the World," Social Science & Medicine, 41, 11 (December, 1995): 1607- 1617.  
Franck,Thomas M. "Is Personal Freedom a Western Value?" American Journal of International Law, 91, 4 (1997): 593-627.

This article argues that personal autonomy and individual self-determination are products not of a specific region or historically based culture, but of recent developments in industrialization, urbanization, transportation, communications, information processing and education. These have already occurred in many non-Western states, often resulting in greater emphasis on human rights.

Available online: subscription or university password may be required
 
Garretón, Roberto. "Visión Contemporánea de los Derechos Humanos," II Colóquio Internacional de Dereitos Humanos, São Paulo, Brasil, (2002).
Available at (3-15-2005): http://www.conectasur.org/files/artiggarretonespanhol.pdf
 
Gauche Marchett, Ximena. "Temas para un Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos en el Siglo XXI," Revista de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 23 (2002): 471-489.  
Gibson, James L. and Gregory A. Caldeira. "The Legitimacy of Transnational Legal Institutions: Compliance, Support, and the European Court of Justice," American Journal of Political Science, 39, 2 (May, 1995): 459-89.  
Goldstein, Robert. "The Limitations of Using Quantitative Data in Studying Human Rights Abuses," Human Rights Quarterly, 8, 4 (November, 1986): 607-627.  
González Amuchástegui, Jesús. "Mujer y Derechos Humanos: Concepto y Fundamento."
http://www.unifr.ch/derechopenal/articulos/pdf/Gonzales1.pdf
 
González Amuchástegui, Jesús. "Las Teorías de los Derechos Humanos," Revista de Administración Pública, 105 (2002): 19-41.
Available at (2-9-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/rap/cont/105/pr/pr6.pdf
 
González, Felipe. "Tribunales Constitucionales y Derechos Humanos en América Latina," Justicia Constitucional Comparada, Ciudad de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, (1993): 31-41.  
Gonzáles Amuchastegui, Jesús. "Mujer y Derechos Humanos: Concepto y Fundamento."
Available at (2-7-2005): http://www.unifr.ch/derechopenal/articulos/pdf/Gonzales1.pdf
 
Gordon, Robert W. "Undoing Historical Injustice," in Seminario Latinoamericano de Teoría Constitucional y Política, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina (June 8-11, 2000). También disponible en Español: "Reparar Injusticias Históricas," in Seminario Latinoamericano de Teoría Constitucional y Política, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina (Junio 8-11, 2000).
Available in English at (12-20-2004): http://islandia.law.yale.edu/sela/egordon.pdf
Disponible en Español en (12-20-2004): http://islandia.law.yale.edu/sela/sgordon.pdf
 
Greenwalt, Alexander K.A. "Rethinking Genocidal Intent: The Case for a Knowledge-Based Interpretation," Columbia Law Review, 99, 8 (December, 1999).  
Gregory, Frank. "The Eu's Response to 9/11: A Case Study of Institutional Roles and Policy Processes with Special Reference to Issues of Accountability and Human Rights," Terrorism and Political Violence, 17, 1-2 (Winter, 2005): 105-123.  
Griffin, Mary. "Ending the impunity of perpetrators of human rights atrocities: A major challenge for international law in the 21st century," International Review of the Red Cross No. 838, p. 369-389
Available at (2-10-2006): http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList106/9F9B884D66413C89C1256B66005E8C12
 
Hamber, Brandon. "Past Imperfect: Strategies for Dealing with Past Political Violence in Northern Ireland, South Africa and Countries in Transition," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/hamber.pdf
 
Hawkins, Darren. "Explaining Costly International Institutions: Persuasion and Enforceable Human Rights Norms," International Studies Quarterly, 48, 4 (December, 2004): 779-804.  
Hayner, Priscilla. "Commissioning the Truth," Third World Quarterly, vol.17, no.1, (1996) 19-29.
Available at (2-15-2006): http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/media/12d2wlxxtm0j8clrrvv3/
contributions/h/v/u/g/hvuguxqdv6chkmpu.pdf

 
Henderson, Conway W. "The Political Repression of Women," Human Rights Quarterly, 26, 4 (November, 2004): 1028-1049.  
Hensman, Rohini. "The Role of Women in the Resistance to Political Authoritarianism in Latin America and South Asia," in Haleh Afshar, (ed.), Women and Politics in the Third World, Routledge, (1996): 38-70.
A previous version of this book chapter is available at (4-26-2005): http://www.psa.ac.uk/cps/1994/hens.pdf
 
Hite, Katherine and Cesarini, Paola. "Introducing the Concept of Authoritarian Legacies," in Hite, Katherine and Cesarini, Paola, Authoritarian Legacies and Democracy in Latin America and Southern Europe, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, (2004).  

Howard, Rhoda E. and Jack Donnelly. "Human Dignity, Human Rights, and Political Regimes," The American Political Science Review, 80, 3 (1986): 801-817.

Through a comparison of the social structures of ideal type liberal, minimal, traditional, communist, corporatist and developmental regimes and their impact on autonomy, equality, privacy, social conflict, and the definition of societal membership this article examines the concept that internationally recognized human rights are common to all cultural traditions and adaptable to a great variety of social structures and political regimes.

Available online: subscription or university password may be required

 
Huhle, Rainer "La Violación de los Derechos Humanos - ¿Privilegio de los Estados?" KO'AGA ROÑE'ETA (1993).
Available at (10-10-2003): http://www.derechos.org/koaga/iv/1/huhle.html
 
Human Rights Watch; Dicker, Richard and Keppler, Elise. "Beyond the Hague: The Challenges of International Justice" in Human Rights Watch 2004 World Report, 2004.
Available in English at (2-15-2006): http://hrw.org/wr2k4/download/10.pdf
 
Huyse, Luc. "Justice After Transition: On the Choices Successor Elites Make in Dealing with the Past," Law and Social Inquiry, 20, 1 (1995): 51-78.
Available at (5-31-2005): http://cas1.elis.rug.ac.be/avrug/pdf01/zuidaf03.pdf
 
Innes, Judith Eleanor. "Human Rights Reporting as a Policy Tool: An Examination of the State Department Country Reports," in Thomas Jabine and Richard Claude, (eds.), Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, USA (1992): 235-253.  
International Council on Human Rights Policy. "Enhancing Access to Human Rights," International Council on Human Rights Policy, Versoix, Switzerland (2004).
Available at (3-28-2005): http://www.ichrp.org/ac/excerpts/150.pdf
 
Isaac, Jeffrey C. "A New Guarantee on Earth: Hannah Arendt on Human Dignity and the Politics of Human Rights," The American Political Science Review, 90, 1 (1996): 61-73.

An article analyizing Arendt's political theory as one concerned with questions of human rights, with a conception of political action intended to secure an elemental human dignity that is systematically jeopardized by the imperatives of national sovereignty.

Available online:subscription or university password may be required
 
Kamminga, Menno T. "Lessons Learned from the Exercise of Universal Jurisdiction in Respect of Gross Human Rights Offenses," Human Rights Quarterly, 23, 4 (2001): 940-974.  
Kelman, Herbert. "The Policy Context of Torture: A Social-Psychological Analysis," International Review of the Red Cross, 87, 857 (March, 2005): 123-134.
Available at (5-30-2005): http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/review-857-p123/$File/irrc_857_Kelman.pdf
 
Kelman, Herbert. "The Social Context of Torture: Policy Process and Authority Structure," in Ronald D. Crelinsten and Alex P. Schmid, (eds.), The Politics of Pain: Torturers and their Masters, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA (1995): 19-34.
Available at (5-30-2005): http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/faculty/hckelman/papers/hck_Torture.pdf
 
Kelman, Herbert. "Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the Dehumanization of Victims and Victimizers," Journal of Social Issues, 29, 4 (1973): 25-61.
Available at (5-30-2005): http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/faculty/hckelman/papers/hck_Violence.pdf
 
Kulkarni, Anu. "Truth Commissions: Institutional Strategies for Trust Construction and Conflict Management," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/kulkarni.pdf
 
Landlot, Hans. "Los Derechos Humanos en la Escena Internacional: ¿La Era Esta Pariendo un Corazón," Ideele, 124 (Diciembre, 1999): 110-112.
Available at (2-16-2005): http://www.idl.org.pe/idlrev/revistas/124/pag110.htm
 
Landman, Stephan. "Alternative Responses to Serious Human Rights Abuses: Of Prosecution and Truth Commissions," Law and Contemporary Problems, 59, 4 (Autumn, 1996).  
Laporta, Francisco J. "El Concepto de los Derechos Humanos," Derecho y Cambio Social, 1, 2 (2004).
Available at (5-16-2005): http://www.bahaidream.com/lapluma/derecho/revista002/humanos.htm
 
Laurent, Arturo. "The Meta-Judicial Effects of the Pronouncements Delivered by the ICC: International Human Rights Standards and State Responsibility," Mexican Law Review, 4 (July-December, 2005).
Available at (8-19-2005): http://info8.juridicas.unam.mx/cont/4/arc/arc6.htm
 
Laurent, Arturo. "The Meta-Judicial Effects of the Pronouncements Delivered by the ICC: International Human Rights Standards and State Responsibility," Mexican Law Review, 4 (July-December, 2005).
Available at (5-16-2005): http://info8.juridicas.unam.mx/cont/4/arc/arc6.htm
 
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. "Holding the Line. A Critique of the Department of State's Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices," (September, 2003).
Available at (11-3-2003): http://www.lchr.org/pubs/descriptions/Holdingtheline.pdf
 
Lewy, Guenter. "Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?" Commentary, 118, 2 (September, 2004).
Available at (3-07-5): http://hnn.us/articles/7302.html
 

Lima Torrado, Jesús. "Problemas Concernientes a la Ambigüedad Conceptual y Terminológica de la Globalización y su Incidencia Ideológica sobre el Sistema de Derechos Humanos," Revista de Administración Pública, 105 (2002): 43-63.
Available at (2-9-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/rap/cont/105/pr/pr7.pdf

 
Little, David. "A Different Kind of Justice: Dealing with Human Rights Violations in Transitional Societies," Ethics and International Affairs, vol.13, (1999): 65-80.  
Lopez, George. "A Scheme for the Analysis of Government as Terrorist," in Stohl, Michael and Lopez, George, Ed., The State as Terrorist, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, (1984).  
Macmahon, Edgard B. "Terrorism and Human Rights: A Defence Lawyer's Perspective," Terrorism and Political Violence, 17, 1-2 (Winter, 2005): 125-129.  
Malamud-Goti, Jaime. "Transitional Governments in the Breach: Why Punish State Criminals?," Human Rights Quarterly, 12, 1 (1990): 1-16.  
McNitt, Andrew D. "Some Thoughts on the Systematic Measurement of Abuse of Human Rights," in David Cingranelli, (ed.), Human Rights: Theory and Measurement, St. Martin's Press, New York, USA, 1988.  
Méndez, Juan E. and Javier Mariezcurrena. "Las Perspectivas para el Trabajo en Derechos Humanos a Partir del 11-IX-2001," Borrador presentado para la discusión del Grupo Regional de Reflexión (Marzo, 2003).
Available at (7-29-2003):
http://larcdma.sdsu.edu/humanrights/rr/International/Mendez%209.5.2003.doc
 
Méndez, Juan E. "Accountability for Past Abuses," Human Rights Quarterly, vol.19, No. 2 (May, 1997): 255-282.
Available at (2-15-2006): http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v019/19.2mendez.html

 
Mertus, Julie. "From Legal Transplants to Transformative Justice: Human Rights and the Promise of Transnational Civil Society," American University International Law Review, vol.14, No. 5 (1999): 1335-1389.  
Mitchell, Neil, Rhoda E. Howard, and Jack Donnelly. "Liberalism, Human Rights, and Human Dignity," The American Political Science Review, 81, 3 (1987): 921-927.

Do international standards regarding human rights require the existence of a liberal regime? This was the thrust of Rhoda Howard and Jack Donnelly's essay in the September 1986 issue of this Review. Neil Mitchell takes vigorous issue with this contention, arguing first and foremost that Howard and Donnelly have not defined liberalism satisfactorily. Howard and Donnelly present a spirited rejoinder.
Available online: subscription or university password may be required
 
Mosse, Gail M. L. "US Constitutional Freedom of Association: Its Potential for Human Rights NGOs at Home and Abroad," Human Rights Quarterly, 19, 4 (November, 1997): 738-812.
Available online: subscription or university password may be required
 
Nanda, Ved P. "Civil and Political Sanctions as an Accountability Mechanism for Massive Violations of Human Rights," Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, 26, 3 (1998): 389-397.  
Nuñez Palacios, Susana. "El Nuevo Sistema Europeo de Protección de los Derechos Humanos," Revista de Administración Pública, 105 (2002): 135-146.
Available at (2-9-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/rap/cont/105/pr/pr13.pdf
 
Orentlicher, Diane. "'Universal Jurisdiction: Charting its Future," in Stephen Macedo, (ed.), Universal Justice, National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law, University of Pennsylvania Press , University Park, Pennsylvania, USA (2003).  
Orentlicher, Diane. "Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime,"' Yale Law Journal, vol.100, (June, 1991):2537-2615.  
Osiel, Mark. "Why Prosecute? Critics of Punishment for Mass Atrocity," Human Rights Quarterly, 22, 1 (2000): 118-147.
Available at 10-31-2005: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v022/22.1osiel.pdf
 
Ossandón Valdés, Juan Carlos. "El Fundamento de los Derechos Humanos," Revista de Derecho Público, 41-42 (1987): 31-48.  
Poe, Steven C. and Neal C. Tate. "Repression of Human Rights to Personal Integrity in the 1980s: A Global Analysis," The American Political Science Review, 88, 4 (1994): 853-872.

A crossnational study that seeks to explain variations in governmental repression of human rights to personal integrity (state terrorism) in a 153-country sample during the eighties outlining theoretical perspectives finding democracy and participation in civil or international war to have substantively important and statistically significant effects on repression.
Available online: subscription or university password may be required
 
Politoff, Sergio. "Informe sobre los Delitos de Discriminación en el Derecho Penal Comparado," Ius et Praxis, 5, 2 (1999): 193-213.
Available at (12-30-2004): http://derecho.utalca.cl/pgs/investigacion/iusetpraxis/5-2-99/polit299.pdf
 
Popkin, Margaret and Naomi Roht-Arriaza. "Truth as Justice," in N. Kritz (ed.), Transitional justice: how emerging democracies reckon with former regimes, Vol I. United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC, (1995): 263-291.  
Power, Samantha. "Raising the Cost of Genocide," Dissent, 49, 2 (Spring 2002): 85-95.
Available at (03-07-05): http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/cchrp/articles/PowerCostofGenocide.pdf
 
Quayle, Peter. "Humanity's Outer Limit," World Today, 61, 1 (January, 2005): 20-21.  
Reiter, Randy, M. Zunzunegui and Jose Quiroga. "Guidelines for Field Reporting of Basic Human Rights Violations," in Thomas Jabine and Richard Claude, (eds.), Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, USA (1992): 90-126.  
Remiro Brotóns, Antonio. "International law after the Pinochet case', in M. Davis, The Pinochet Case: Origins, Progress and Implications, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, London, UK, (2003): 231-251.
 
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. "The Role of International Actors in National Accountability Processes," in A. de Brito [et al], (eds.), The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2001): 40-64.  
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. "Combating Impunity: Some Thoughts on the Way Forward," Law and Contemporary Problems, 59, 4 (Fall, 1996): 93-102.
Available at (5-31-2005): http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp59dFall1996p93.htm
 

Saldaña, Javier. "Notas sobre la Fundamentación de los Derechos Humanos," Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado, 32, 96 (Septiembre-Diciembre, 1999): 949-968.
Available at (1-7-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/boletin/cont/96/art/art8.pdf

 
Sands, Philippe. "After Pinochet: The Role of National Courts," in Philippe Sands, (ed.), From Nuremberg to The Hague: The Future of International Criminal Justice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003): 68-108.  
Santos, Boaventura De Sousa. "Hacia una Concepción Multicultural de los Derechos Humanos," El Otro Derecho, 28 (Julio, 2002): 59-84. También disponible en Análisis Político, 31 (Mayo-Agosto, 1997): 3-16.  
Sarat, Austin and Stuart Scheingold. "State Transformation, Globalization and the Possibilities of Cause Lawyering," in A. Sarat and S. Scheingold (eds.), Cause Lawyering and the State in a Global Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, (2001):3-31.  
Schmid, Alex P. "Terrorism and Human Rights: A Perspective from the United Nations," Terrorism and Political Violence, 17, 1-2 (Winter, 2005): 25-35.  
Sieder, Rachel. "War, Peace and Memory Politics in Central America," in A. de Brito et al (eds.), The Politics of Memory: transitional justice in democratizing societies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, (2001):161 189.
 
Siegel, Richard Lewis. "Book Review: Transitional Justice: A Decade of Debate and Experience," Human Rights Quarterly, 20, 2 (May, 1998): 431-454.  
Sikkink, Kathryn. "Transnational Advocacy Networks and the Social Construction of Legal Rules," in Y. Dezalay and B. Garth (eds.), Global Prescriptions - The Production, Exportation, and Importation of a New Legal Orthodoxy, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, (2003):37-64.  
Simon, Jean-Michel. "Violencia Masiva Patrocinada por el Estado. Responsabilidad Criminal y 'Reconciliación'," Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado, 38, 112 (Enero-Abril, 2005): 273-292.
Available at (5-16-2005): http://www.juridicas.unam.mx/publica/librev/rev/boletin/cont/112/art/art7.pdf
 
Snyder, James Thomas. "The Moral Imperative," Peace Review, 13, 3 (September, 2001): 441 - 448.  

Soto Kloss, Eduardo. "La Dignidad de la Persona, Fundamento de los Derechos Humanos. Antecedentes Veterotestamentarios," Revista de Derecho Público, 41-42 (1987): 49-75.

 
Staff Wilson, Mariblanca. "Mujer y Derechos Humanos," Ko'aga Roñe'eta, Serie 8 (1998).
Available at (12-6-2004): http://www.derechos.org/koaga/viii/staff.html
 
Stohl, Michael, [et al]. "State Violation of Human Rights: Issues and Problems of Measurement," Human Rights Quarterly, 8, 4 (November, 1986): 592-606.  
Strauss, Scott. "Darfur and the Genocide Debate," Foreign Affairs, 84, 1 (January-February, 2005): 123-133.  
Sugarman, David. "From unimaginable to possible: Spain, Pinochet and the judicialisation of power," Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, vol.3, no.1, (2002):107-124.
Available at (2-20-2006): http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/media/p621a3yrll3qvmrlfray
/contributions/x/c/2/l/xc2lvr0phq2evgky.pdf
 
Sugarman, David. "The Pinochet Case: International Criminal Justice in the Gothic Style?," The Modern Law Review, vol.64, no.6, (2001):933-944.  
Teitel, Ruti G. "Bringing the Messiah Through the Law," in Carla Hesse and Robert Post, (eds.), Human Rights in Political Transitions: Gettysburg to Bosnia, Zone Books, New York, USA (1999): 177-193.  
Tindale, Christopher. "The Logic of Torture: A Critical Examination," Social Theory and Practice, 22, 3 (1996): 349-374.  
UN Chronicle. "Within Four Swift Years, ICTR Shows Results," 35, 3 (1998).
(Report on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda).
Available at (03-05-05): http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/1998/issue3/398p5.htm
 

Van Dyke, Vernon. "Human Rights and the Rights of Groups," American Journal of Political Science 18, 4 (1974): 725-741.

This article examines the rights of groups in relation to The Charter of the United Nations which requires members to promote human rights.

Available online: subscription or university password may be required

 
Verdirame, Guglielmo. "Human Rights and Refugees: The Case of Kenya," Journal of Refugee Studies, 12, 1 (1999): 54-77.  
Villagrán Kramer, Francisco. "Los Derechos Humanos y el Principio de No Intervención," USAC, 15 (September, 1991): 32-53.  
Vincent, Anne. "The "French Doctors' Movement" and Beyond," Health and Human Rights, 2, 1 (1996).  
Walsh, Brian. "Resolving the Human Rights Violations of a Previous Regime," World Affairs, 158, 3 (1996): 111-121.  
Wehr, Ingrid. "Soberanía estatal vs. justicia universal. El caso Pinochet y la discusión sobre la extraterritorialidad de la ley," in F. Rojas and C. Stefoni (eds.), El 'caso Pinochet': Visiones hemisféricas de su detención en Londres, FLACSO-Chile, Santiago, Chile (2001):49-63.  
Williams, Carin. "The TRC: A Project of Public Education," in the conference: The TRC: Commissioning the Past, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (June 11-14, 1999).
Available at (4-25-2005): http://www.trcresearch.org.za/papers99/williamsc.pdf
 
Wilson, Richard J. "Prosecuting Pinochet: International Crimes in Spanish Domestic Law," Human Rights Quarterly, vol.21, no.4 (November, 1999):928-979.
Available at (2-21-2006): http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v021/21.4wilson.html
 
Wolpin, Miles. "State Terrorism and Repression in the Third World: Parameters and Prospects," in Stohl, Michael and Lopez, George A, (eds.), Government Violence and Repression: An Agenda for Research, Greenwood Press, New York, NY, (1986): 97-164.  
Zalaquett, José. "Confronting Human Rights Violations Committed by Former Governments: Principles Applicable and Political Constraints," in Neil Kritz, (ed.), Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, Vol.I, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC, USA (1995): 3-31.  
Zalaquett, José. "The Dilemma of New Democracies Confronting Past Human Rights Violations," in N. Kritz (ed.), Transitional justice: how emerging democracies reckon with former regimes Vol.I, United States Institute of Peace Press, Washington, DC (1995):203-206.  

Books and Monographs

   
Aguayo Quezada, Sergio. Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World, Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 1989.  
Ambos, Kai. Impunidad y Derecho Internacional, Ad-Hoc, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999.  
Amstutz, Mark. The Healing of Nations: The Promise and Limits of Political Forgiveness, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, MD, USA, 2005.  
Andreopoulos, George J. (Ed.). Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1994.  
Ball, Howard. Prosecuting War Crimes and Genocide: The Twentieth Century Experience, Kansas University Press, Lawrence, Kansas, USA, 1999.  
Bassiouini, M. Cherif. Crimes against Humanity in International Criminal Law, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, Boston, MA, USA, 1999.
 
Bassiouini, M. Cherif and Edward M. Wise. Aut Dedere Aut Judicare: The Duty to Extradite or Prosecute in International Law, M. Nijhof, Boston, MA, USA, 1995.
 
Bellamy, Alex J. Kosovo and International Society, Palgrave, Basingstoke, 2002.  
Bidart Campos, German J. Teoría General de los Derechos Humanos, Astres, ed, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1991.  
Biggar, Nigel, (ed.). Burying the Past : Making Peace and Doing Justice after Civil Conflict, Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C., USA, 2001.  
Birkbeck, Christopher H. and Luis Gerardo Gabaldón, (eds.). Policía y Fuerza Física en Perspectiva Intercultural, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Nueva Sociedad, Caracas, Venezuela, 2003.

 
Booth, Ken ed. The Kosovo Tragedy: The Human Rights Dimensions, Frank Cass, London, UK, 2001.  
Brysk, Alison, (ed.). Globalization and Human Rights, University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 2002.  
Cavanaugh, William. Torture and Eucharist, Blackwell Publishers Oxford, UK;Malden, MA, 1998.
 

Chipoco, Carlos. En Defensa de la Vida: Ensayos Sobre Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario, Centro de Estudios y Publicaciones (CEP), Lima, Perú, 1992.

 
Chomsky, Noam. A New Generation Draws the Line: Kosovo, East Timor, and the Standards of the West, Verso, London, UK, 2000.  
Cole, David and Dempsey, James X. Terrorism and the Constitution: Sacrificing Civil Liberties in the Name of National Security, New Press, New York, NY, 2002.  
Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos. Instrumentos Internacionales sobre Derechos Humanos ONU-OEA, Vol. I-III, Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos, México, D.F., 1994.  
de Grieff, Pablo and Ciaran Cronin, (eds.).Global Justice and Transnational Politics, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.; London, UK, 2002.  
Des Forges, Alison. "Leave None to Tell the Story": Genocide in Rwandan, Human Rights Watch, New York; International Federation of Human Rights, Paris, 1999.  
Dezalay, Yves and Bryant Garth, (eds.). Global Prescriptions - The Production, Exportation, and Importation of a New Legal Orthodoxy, Ann Arbor/University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 2003.  
Dinstein, Yoram and Mala Tabory, (eds.). War Crimes in International Law, The Hague, Boston, MA, USA, 1996.  
Donnelly, Jack and Rhoda E. Howard, (eds.). International Handbook of Human Rights, Greenwood Press, New York, USA, 1987.  

Dunne, Tim and Nicholas J. Wheeler, (eds.). Human Rights in Global Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York, 1999.

 
Epp, Charles. The Rights Revolution - Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; London, UK, 1998.  
Falk, Richard. Human Rights Horizons: The Pursuit of Justice in a Globalizing World, Routledge, New York, USA, 2000.  
Gil Gil, Alicia. El Genocidio y Otros Crímenes Internacionales, Centro Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Valencia, España, 1999.
 
Gil Gil, Alicia. Derecho Penal Internacional, Editores Tecnos, Madrid, España, 1999.  
Goldstone, Richard. For Humanity: Reflections of a War Crimes Prosecutor, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2001.  
Gorenstein, Fabiana, Leonardo Jun Ferreira Hidaka, and Jayme Benvenuto Lima Jr., (orgs.). Manual de Direitos Humanos Internacionais: Acesso aos Sistemas Global e Regional de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos, Edições Loyola, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 2002.  
Harvey, Colin. Human Rights in the Community - Rights as Agents of Change, Hart Publishing, Oxford, 2005.  
Hayner, Priscilla. Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocity, Routledge, New York; NY; London, UK, 2001.  
Hesse, Carla and Robert Post, (eds.). Human Rights in Political Transitions: Gettysburg to Bosnia, Zone Books, New York, NY, 1999.  
Howard, Rhoda E. Human Rights and the Search for Community, Westview Press, Boulder, USA, 1995.  
Howard, Rhoda E. Human Rights in Commonwealth Africa, Rowman & Littlefield, NJ, USA, 1986.  
Jokic, Aleksandar, (ed.). War Crimes and Collective Wrongdoing: A Reader, Blackwell, Oxford, 2001.  

Keck, Margaret E. and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1998.

 
Koh, Harold and Ronald Slye, (eds.). Deliberative Democracy and Human Rights, Yale University Press, London, 1999.  

Korey, William. NGOs and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: "A Curious Grapevine", St. Martin's Press, New York, USA, 1998.

 
Kochavi, Arieh. Prelude to Nuremberg: Allied War Crimes Policy and the Question of Punishment, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC; London, UK, 1998.  
Kritz, Neil J., (ed.). Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes: Country Studies, 3 Vols., US Institute of Peace Press, Washington, USA, 1995.  
Kuperman, Alan J. The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda, Brookings Institution Press, Washington D.C., USA, 2001.  
Lopez, George and Michael Stohl. Government Violence and Repression: An Agenda for Research, Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, USA, 1986.  

Lous Henkin, Gerald L. Neuman, [et.al]. Human Rights, Foundation Press, New York, USA, 1999.

 
Macedo, Stephen J, (ed.). Universal Justice, National Courts and the Prosecution of Serious Crimes Under International Law, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, 2003.  
Malamud-Goti, Jaime. Game Without End - State Terror and the Politics of Justice, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK; London, UK, 1996.  
McAdams, A. James, (ed.). Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN; London, UK, 1997.  
Medecins Sans Frontieres. Life, Death and Aid, Routledge, NY, USA, 1994.  
Moreira, María Elena. Derechos Humanos y So